The wire rope is one of the indis↕©♥ pensable parts in the  <  construction of the rotary drilling r¥♥ ig. The working conditions of±  the wire rope are complex and changeab<∑le. In many cases, the w✔←>ire rope will be scr¥≤‌↔apped early. The following are the ideas about t©©he use of wire ropes. I hope everyone ®φ®can make good use of the excellent ropes and©≠ get big benefits. Next, thΩ÷e editor of Xianji.com wiφφ↓≤ll introduce the classification, precautions ‌ &, lubrication and wear of wire rop"©↔&es.

Wire rope classification

1. According to the β∞ ☆cross-sectional shape of the wire rope, th±₩¥&ere are round wire ropes§ε and flat wire ropes.

2. According to the cross-sectional shape oλ​f the wire rope strands: round  ★σstrands and special-shaped strands can​&π  be divided into: triang±£<ular strands, flat strands aγε♦nd so on.

3. According to the contact state of each l Ω βayer of steel wire in the wiφα®re rope strands, it can be divided into: point c±≈↑ontact wire rope, line contact wλ∑ire rope (including point line c™✔≤ontact wire rope).

4. According to the cross-sectional shape   ∑&of the steel wire, it is di∏​vided into: steel wire rope made of round₩ ♥₹ steel wire and steel wire rope made of special->↔λshaped steel wire (such as sealed steel wire ro↑•×pe).

5. According to the number of w σ€¥ire rope strands, it is divided ≥±←§into: single strand, si≤Ω ☆x strands, eight strands, twelve ∑∏>↑strands, eighteen strands, thirty-fourΩ>✔  strands, etc.; the first three type®<s of steel wire ropes are composed of one lay¥×er of strands; twelve strands a♦‌×nd eighteen strands The steel wire rope is compo₹♠♣sed of two layers of ropes; ‌αand the 34-strand steel wire rope is also₽φλ called a non-rotating steel wire rop≈≠e.

6. ​​According to th✘∞e wire rope twistingΩ  direction and twisting method: Acc∞σ✘​ording to the strand twi‌ sting direction one by one right twisting and επ☆φleft twisting; according to t←&≈he wire rope twisting method one-alternatin✔§g twist (reverse twist) and same direc™'tion twist (sequential twist).

7. Divided by strength: Accor®"∞≈ding to the nominal stren↔¶↕αgth of the monofilament, the↑∏ steel wire rope is divided into sever₩>al grades. The grading sta≠φαndards of different countries are differe↔↕‍nt. For example, my &≈country uses round strands.

Precautions for wire rope

1. When unwinding and installing the wir₽↔e rope, the correct method shoul±€λ≠d be adopted to prevent th∞&e wire rope from kinking. In addition, be careful<∑✘£ not to stain the surface oσ♠≈f the wire rope with sand,§↕α so as not to aggravate the wear and affect←π the service life of the wire rope.

2. If the whole rol₹π←"l of steel wire rope needs to be cu €₽™t off during use, the end s​♦hould be tied or fused according to Figure 3 or↓≤£₽ Figure 4.

3. When the rope clamp ÷‍must be installed, it should be fixed a↕'ccording to the method shown in Figure ®♣ε↑5. The distance between the rope clamps is$γ 5-6 times the diameter of the w←©®ire rope.

4. The lay direction oβΩ f the steel wire rope should be selected so that≥← the winding method of the steel w→™ire rope at the bottom of the drum conformsσ∞​ε to Figure 6.

5. The wire ropes shoul≈¥d be neatly arranged when¥ε♠φ wound on the reel, and should not be wound ra©€ndomly, otherwise it will₹φ cause serious biting and crushing during the ÷∏£​work of the wire rope, which wil¶≥l affect the service life of the wire rope.

6. The new rope must be "run-in" unde€€r light load at the initial stage of use.<☆£↕ This can increase the service life≤←δ of the wire rope. In use, avoid exces≥πsive impact load from causing damage ×β₩to the wire rope.

7. Special attention should be paid to the accβ ☆urate calculation ofπ★€ the distance during the drilling process, aγ£€nd the rope shall not be &§excessively placed to prevent ♠♥the wire rope from being entangled in​→¥ a relaxed state and causing structural damage a¶‌nd the entire wire rope to be scrapped.

8. For multi-layer windin±‌↕×g equipment, it is inevitable that the σ←wire rope will "bite" during©₽¶÷ use. It is recommended to check×∏> the "rope bite" par∏™∏↔t frequently during use, and strΩαengthen lubrication, or t∏≤≥o cut off the "rope bite" regularly and stagger←∞≠¥ the "rope bite" part.

9. After the wire rope is put↓∞φ× into use, the performance will gradually decrΩαβease. Therefore, after the new rope is used foΩΩr a period of time, freqλ uent inspections of the easily damaged parts ★©±≈of the wire rope, such as the part where the wi∞≥δre rope "bites", the lower wire rope of the drαλum, the wire rope passing through the ≠<σ♥pulley and the part of the wΩ÷ire rope entering and leaving the drum when$↔"β a severe impact occurs, etc. Prov ≈‍±ide basis for reasonable and safe use >♠of steel wire ropes through frequent inspect♦®ions.

10. Broken wire treatment

When the wire rope has b ♥↕roken wires and still ‍∞↓"needs to be used, the broken wires shoπ∏♣uld be dealt with in time. The hea ™✔ d of the broken wire can be clamped​​ with wire cutters and bend repeatedly until the ¶♣€γwire breaks. After this treatment, the ≈✘broken end of the steel wire wil<₽l be clamped between the strands and will no♠→₹♥t cause harm to the use of the steel ¥Ωwire rope. When the number of broken wires iΩαn a lay length reaches 10% of the total n★"α±umber of outer wires, ™←the wire rope must be replace♥×d.

11. Suggestion

Because the wire rope working methλφ$od of the rotary drilling rig belongs to single-✘σrope lifting, that is, the wδ≤‌ire rope has a free rot✘♣ating end during work. Based on t♦₹₹he safety and convenience of operationβπ, the anti-rotation wire rope "♦should be preferred when↓€₽£ purchasing the wireλγ& rope.

Lubrication and maintenance of wire rope

1. The wear and tear of the wσ≠¶ire rope during use

Continuous wear andλα¶> adhesive wear occur at t∏§★he actual contact friction parts; abr‌≤σ✔asive wear is caused by the adhesion and incorporλ✔∑↔ation of dust and abrasives; if the wire ro™♣φ♦pe is exposed to moisturΩ§↑♥e, acid, and alkaline ga♣¶s environments, it will cause c≈πorrosion and chemical erosion; due to o±≠™ verload and impact Or excessive benΩλ£∞ding causes the steel wire struct<αure to change, and t¥≥he strength decreases to cause f"×atigue. This is a form £↕that is not easy to detect but gradually accumu$→£εlates and suddenly c∑↓φ←auses damage.

Because the specific pressure bet"εween the steel wire, tφ® he steel wire and the roφ♥pe pulley, the drum is too largλ♥£e, the strength of the oil film is insufficiσλ>÷ent, and even imprints and deformation app↕$ear. Wear caused by fr₹ ictional heat caused by direct contact wit♣<h metal.

2, lubrication and maintenance

(1). How to fill lu≥∏↓↔bricating oil. Infil₹₩≤§tration method, when infiltration, th<αe dirt, dust, sludge, etc. in the gaps ©←<★of the strands of the wire rope are cleaned &®εup with superheated s☆₽team or compressed air and a stee$€&£l brush, and then placed in£× an oil bath for immersion. The oil used should b‌λ♠∑e heated to 50°C Left >₽and right to infiltrate. The₹↓™♣ infiltration interv∞✘♠al is once every 3 months under normal t♥"¥emperature conditions. You c<¥₩≥an also use a portable oiler with an oil >®brush or a special oiler to refuel. "≥↔ΩThe former is used fo§≤₽r short steel wire ropes. The lubricati>£on interval is about once every 5 days, ÷≈‍and once every 3 days under dγ∏usty sand, high temperature  ↕or open air conditio  ←&ns.

(2). How to fill grease. Th& ©e ideal way to add lubricant is to add φ≥♠→the lubricant to the place where the rope ♦β♠ strands tend to open when the wire ropeλ ♥≠ passes through the sheave ↔¥≠or coiler. Lubricant can be add¶"ed manually or mechanicall'¶∏y.

Wire rope wear

The wire rope is in contact with other≠ ↑ objects and moves relative to each othe α‌r during operation, causing friction. Under ←φ  the action of machinery, physδ↕ics and chemistry, the surface o≠×f the steel wire rope is c∞≥¥☆onstantly abraded. Abrasion is the m♦ ®ost common damage method of steeεφ∏™l wire ropes. It is generally div•∏€ided into three conditions: external♦₽ wear, deformation wear and internal wear: φ∞the typical cross-sectional shape of the worn ste✘>♥el wire, that is, uniform external wear, defo✔Ωrmation wear and internal wear.

1. External wear The wear caused by the o♥₹γuter circumference of the wire rope in cont≥ •act with the surface of the pulley gr↑‌Ω★oove, drum wall, hook and ∞♠§other objects during use belongs± δ to external wear. After the externaλ♥÷ l wear, the diameter of the wire rope±™¥• will become thinner, and the thin☆  steel wire on the outer peripheral surface will♦<β∏ be smoothed. The externa↑εl wear of the wire rope reduc↑€♣∞es the cross-sectional a πγ rea of ​​the steel wire that bears the lo£εad, and the breaking load of the wire rope is∞>Ω¥ also reduced accord×φ× ingly. Through the t≈β€↕est, the single-week wear is worse than the ful ®•πl-circle abrasion, s♣®≈o the steel wire worn in a single-week sho↔↔♣γuld be changed to uniform wear th←★♥roughout the week as much as possible.

2. Deformation wear The surface damage o®©♣♣f the wire rope caused by vi<✘bration and collisio↔∞δn is called deformation wear. This i&¥₩★s a kind of local abrasion pheno✔ε≥'menon. For example, the wi βre rope on the surface of the drum is hit bπ≠ "y other objects, the hoisting wire rope o∞↔f the crane is entangled with each other, orΩ♠‍ the rope biting phenomenon caused by the deviati♦✘δon of the pulley and the center of th∑♥$e drum will cause the wir$₽e rope to deform and wear. . If the thin steel​σ wire on the worn surfac₽✔e is cut open, the def≈"♠ormation and external abrasion will be defor©♠Ω♠med due to local extrusion, and th↕ ¶e cross section of the steel wire ₩ will stretch out into a wing shape on both "πsides of the extrusion. From th↓←∞e appearance, the width of the steel wiαΩ®$re is expanded. Although the crosα↓δs-sectional area of ​​the steel wire rope is ₹$‌σnot reduced much, the surface material of the φ®steel wire at the local extrusi<<on is hardened, and t≠↕↔‍he wire is easily broken∞‍.

3. In the process of inter₽£εnal wear and tear, the entire load of the s≠÷≥♣teel wire rope when it passes through the d≤∑ε×rum or pulley is pressed on one side of the​↔↕ wire rope, and the curvature radius of each₽♥ thin steel wire cannot be exactly the s£←ame. At the same time, due to the bending ®§of the wire rope, the ÷Ωsmall steel wires ins↔≥∞ide the wire rope will generate for™γce and slip. At this time≤β, the contact stress between t<≠he strands increases, causing the st¥♠π'eel wires between adjacent strands to pr✔λoduce local indentations and deep depre←±₩$ssions. When repeated cycles of stret®∏§™ching and bending, stress con‍ ≈♠centration occurs in the deep recesses and is₽ '↔ broken, which constitutes internal®★​ wear. Generally, the press±↕β×ure on the surface of the thin stγαeel wire is proportional t↑&o the pressure of the wire rope. ±≈£Under the same tension, the pressure pe∑γ​r unit area is different due to the different pre±←☆ssure area. From the perspective of surface pre ↕ssure and wear, the use of line c←β±←ontact wire ropes is more advantage®δ ↓ous than point contact wire ropes, and the ↓$' use of surface contact wire ropes is more ad α↕ vantageous than line con¥<Ω tact wire ropes. In addition, the bending de♦ו¶gree and moving speed of the wire rope have &✘φan influence on the internal wear of the wirπ≈→e rope. Obviously, choosin ♣←g wire ropes of line contact or surface conta÷±ct type is an effective way to reduce inte¥∞rnal wear.

The above is the classific♦✘♠ation, precautions, lubrication main$←"tenance and wear of the wire rope introduced'♥★± by the editor of Xianji.coδ∞≈δm. Wire rope is widely used in industry. Bec←♥≈≥ause of its strong t♦≠'oughness and flexibility, it€φ∞ is loved by workers. Most lifting machines ne♣✘♦¶ed to use wire rope. Andε ∞& it has a long service life and is←& not easy to break, which α'‍is why it is widely used.